Personal Auto Insurance
Car insurance in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Labrador and Ontario is built from the same five coverages — but the rules governing them change at every provincial border. Here is what your policy actually does, where the standard wording leaves you exposed, and what an independent broker changes about both.
What Car Insurance Actually Covers
Every personal car insurance policy written in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Labrador and Ontario is assembled from the same five building blocks. Four of them pay you. One of them pays everybody else. Knowing which is which is the difference between a claim that goes smoothly and a claim that ends in a surprise.
- Third-party liability — pays other people when you are legally responsible for injuring them or damaging their property, and pays the cost of defending you. It repairs nothing of yours.
- Direct compensation property damage — pays for damage to your own vehicle, its contents and your loss of use, to the extent the collision was not your fault, through your own insurer.
- Accident benefits — medical care, rehabilitation, income replacement, funeral and death benefits, paid regardless of who caused the collision.
- Loss or damage to your vehicle — collision or upset, comprehensive, specified perils or all perils. This is the part that repairs your car when the collision was your fault, and it is optional in all five provinces.
- Uninsured automobile — responds when the driver who hit you carries no insurance, or is never identified.
In the Atlantic provinces these appear as Sections A, A.1, B, C and D of the standard owner’s policy. Ontario uses a different structure entirely — Sections 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the Ontario Automobile Policy — so a driver who moves between the two will not find the same labels on the declaration page.

First Party, Third Party, and Who Pays for Your Car
Most coverage disappointments trace back to a single misunderstanding: the belief that a large liability limit protects your own vehicle. It does not, and no amount of liability coverage ever will.
Third party pays other people
Liability is the only third-party coverage on the policy. It responds when someone claims against you, it carries a duty to defend, and it pays them. Your own vehicle sits entirely outside its scope.
First party pays you
Direct compensation, accident benefits, physical damage and uninsured automobile coverage are all first party. Your own insurer pays you or your family, regardless of who gets sued and regardless of how the fault argument ends.
“Full coverage” is not a coverage
No Canadian policy contains anything called full coverage. A driver can legally carry $2,000,000 of liability and no collision coverage at all — fully compliant, and entirely responsible for their own repair bill.
Physical damage is optional everywhere
Collision and comprehensive are optional in all five provinces. On an older vehicle, dropping them can be a defensible decision. On a financed or leased one it usually breaches the loan agreement.
Minimum Limits Across the Five Provinces
Every province sets a floor for third-party liability. None of those floors reflects what a serious injury claim costs to settle, and four of the five have not moved in a very long time. The minimum is a licensing requirement, not a recommendation.
Nova Scotia — $500,000
The highest statutory floor of the five, and the only one above the national minimum. Still well short of what a collision involving several injured claimants can reach.
New Brunswick — $200,000
The statutory minimum. A single serious injury claim can exhaust it before the first year of treatment is finished.
Prince Edward Island — $200,000
The statutory minimum, unchanged for years while the cost of settling injury claims has not stood still.
Newfoundland and Labrador — $200,000
The statutory minimum, with bodily injury claims ranking first against the limit and property damage behind them.
Ontario — $200,000
The statutory minimum in the province with the highest vehicle density and the highest repair costs in the country.
What we write instead
$2,000,000 is our default recommendation on personal car insurance, and the step up from $1,000,000 is usually a modest premium change. It also sets the ceiling on your family protection coverage, which is why the two are quoted together.
Direct Compensation, Fault, and the Ontario Opt-Out
Damage to your own car after a collision is not settled by arguing with the other driver’s insurer. It is settled by your own insurer, against a fault percentage that is fixed by regulation before anyone picks up the phone.
- Fault is set by regulation, not by negotiation. Each province publishes fault determination rules that assign responsibility in fixed increments — 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100 per cent — according to the type of collision.
- The circumstances are expressly excluded. Weather, road conditions, visibility and what a pedestrian did are not part of the analysis. “There was black ice” does not move your percentage.
- Your own insurer pays for the portion of the damage that was not your fault, along with your contents and your loss of use. You do not claim against the other driver for it.
- Your share of the fault falls to your collision coverage, subject to your deductible. Without collision coverage, that share is simply yours.
- An at-fault claim generally follows you for six years and a conviction for three, which is why the cheapest claim is sometimes the one you pay yourself.
Ontario drivers can now decline it
Since 1 January 2024 an Ontario driver may sign OPCF 49 and opt out of direct compensation. It is in every policy unless you sign it away. Opting out is not the same as dropping collision — it is an agreement not to recover for the damage at all, from your own insurer or from the driver who caused it. On a financed or leased vehicle the loan survives the collision; the recovery does not.
Accident forgiveness is not portable
The accident rating waiver used across Atlantic Canada stops your own insurer from rating you for one at-fault claim. It does not bind the next insurer, and it does not remove the claim from your record. Ontario has no standard form for it, so every accident forgiveness product there is insurer-specific.
Accident Benefits Change at Every Border
Accident benefits are the coverage drivers think about least and rely on most. They are also where the five provinces diverge hardest — a household that moves does not carry its benefits with it.
Nova Scotia
$50,000 per person for medical and rehabilitation expenses incurred within four years of the accident. Income replacement at the lesser of 80 per cent of gross earnings or $250 a week, to a maximum of 104 weeks. A $25,000 death benefit for the head of a household.
New Brunswick
The same $50,000 medical and rehabilitation limit and the same $250 weekly income replacement as Nova Scotia — but the death benefit for the head of a household is $50,000, double the Nova Scotia figure.
Prince Edward Island
Section B follows the same structure as its Atlantic neighbours, covering medical and rehabilitation expenses, income replacement, funeral costs and death benefits. The schedule amounts are set by regulation and worth confirming against your own declaration page.
Newfoundland and Labrador
The outlier, and the one that catches people. Accident benefits are optional in Newfoundland and Labrador rather than mandatory, so a driver can hold a fully legal policy with no medical, rehabilitation or income replacement coverage at all. We buy them every time.
Ontario
A different system altogether. The Statutory Accident Benefits Schedule provides $65,000 combined for medical, rehabilitation and attendant care on a non-catastrophic injury, with a $3,500 sub-limit for injuries that fall under the Minor Injury Guideline, and income replacement at 70 per cent of gross to $400 a week.
Limits on pain and suffering
Each province also restricts what can be recovered for pain and suffering. For 2026 the minor injury cap is $10,862 in Nova Scotia, $9,926.59 in New Brunswick and $9,659 in Prince Edward Island, each indexed annually. Newfoundland and Labrador applies a $5,000 deductible instead of a cap, and Ontario applies a deductible of $47,913.01 that disappears once an award exceeds $159,708.71.
What Changed for Ontario Drivers on 1 July 2026
The largest change to Ontario personal auto insurance in more than a decade took effect on 1 July 2026. Most drivers have not been told about it, and the first many will hear is a renewal notice that looks ordinary.
- Only medical, rehabilitation and attendant care benefits remain mandatory. Everything else became optional.
- Income replacement, caregiver, housekeeping and home maintenance, death, funeral, non-earner and several smaller benefits are now bought by election rather than included.
- Those elections are recorded on the OPCF 47R endorsement, at the policy level rather than driver by driver.
- A renewing policy keeps the coverage it already has until you agree in writing to change it. A new policy starts from the mandatory core and builds up from there.
- The optional benefits now reach only the named insured, the spouse, dependants and listed drivers. Pedestrians, cyclists and passengers who are not listed lose access to them.
- Auto insurers now pay medical and rehabilitation benefits ahead of workplace and private extended health plans, with medications the exception.
If you hold an Ontario policy, the question at your next renewal is not whether the premium moved. It is which benefits you still have, and who in your household they still reach.

The Endorsements That Do the Real Work
The base policy is standard wording; every insurer starts from the same page. What separates one broker’s file from another is the endorsement schedule attached to it. The Atlantic provinces number these forms as NSEF, NBEF, PE-SEF and NL-SEF; Ontario calls them OPCFs, and the numbers do not always line up.
Loss of use — 20
Pays for a rental car, taxis or transit while your vehicle is off the road after a covered loss, subject to a daily rate and an overall maximum. The trap: payment stops the day the insurer offers a total-loss settlement, not the day you actually buy a replacement.
Non-owned automobiles — 27
Covers physical damage to a car you rent or borrow and extends your liability and benefits while you drive it. Usually cheaper than the rental counter waiver and, unlike a credit card benefit, primary. It will not respond for a vehicle owned by someone in your household or by your employer.
Limited waiver of depreciation — 43R, or OPCF 43
Removes the depreciation deduction on a total loss for a set number of months from delivery, substituting the original purchase price or list price. Original purchaser only, tires and batteries excluded, and it usually has to be added at purchase rather than at renewal.
Family protection — 44, or OPCF 44R
Steps in when the driver who hit you carries a lower limit than you do, or none at all. It is worth nothing unless your limit exceeds theirs, which is why we quote it alongside your liability limit — and it is reduced by what you recover elsewhere, including workers’ compensation and group disability.
Permission to rent or lease — 5
Widely misunderstood. This is not the endorsement for renting a car on holiday — that is 27. It governs a vehicle that is leased out, and points the policy at the lessee. Most lease agreements require it.
Accident rating waiver — 39
A standard form across Atlantic Canada that stops a single at-fault claim from rating your renewal, subject to conditions. It binds only the insurer that issued it, and Ontario has no standard version at all.
Total Loss, Depreciation and the Gap on a Financed Car
A written-off vehicle is where the difference between a reviewed policy and an unreviewed one shows up in dollars, and where three products that sound alike turn out to do very different things.
Actual cash value is the default
The policy pays the market value of your vehicle on the day it was damaged — not what you paid for it, not what you still owe, and not what the same vehicle costs today. Your deductible still comes off that number.
Market value is also what makes a car a write-off
Once the repair estimate approaches market value, the insurer settles rather than repairs. On a newer vehicle full of sensors, cameras and aluminium panels, that threshold arrives far sooner than most owners expect.
Waiver of depreciation changes the number
43R in Atlantic Canada, OPCF 43 in Ontario. It substitutes the original purchase price or the manufacturer’s list price for market value, for a set window after delivery. The most valuable endorsement on a new car, and the one most often allowed to lapse quietly.
Gap is a different product entirely
Gap covers the shortfall between the insurance settlement and what you still owe the lender. It is usually sold by the dealership or the lender rather than the insurer, and it is not a standard endorsement in any of these five provinces.
The lienholder endorsement is not gap
It protects the lender’s interest in the vehicle, not your shortfall. Drivers regularly believe they bought gap protection when they signed it.
Long amortisations reopen the exposure
Seven and eight-year terms, small down payments and negative equity rolled in from a trade all widen the gap — and the day the waiver of depreciation expires, it widens again.
What Actually Drives Your Car Insurance Premium
Rating is not a mystery, and it is not mostly about your age. These are the variables that move a personal car insurance premium the most, in roughly the order they matter.
- Your driving record. At-fault claims generally stay on the record for six years and convictions for three, and the effect compounds when there is more than one.
- The vehicle itself. Canadian insurers rate vehicles through CLEAR, which uses real claims frequency, repair cost and theft likelihood by model rather than sticker price. A cheaper car is not always cheaper to insure.
- Where it sleeps. Territory is based on where the vehicle is parked overnight, not where you happen to drive it.
- How far you drive. Annual distance and whether the trip is a daily commute are both rated, and both are worth revisiting when your working pattern changes.
- Your limits and deductibles. The two levers you actually control, and the two most worth reviewing before chasing a discount.
- Everyone in the household. An unlisted driver living at the address is a rating problem long before it becomes a claims problem.
Credit information
The rules differ by province, and they differ from home insurance. Ontario prohibits the use of credit information in personal auto rating. Nova Scotia and New Brunswick permit it with your consent. Consent is never mandatory, and we will tell you what it is doing to your quote.
Electric vehicles
EVs are averaging materially higher premiums than comparable gas vehicles, driven by repair cost, high-voltage components, the scarcity of certified shops outside major centres, and battery economics that turn moderate damage into a total loss. Get the quote before you sign the purchase agreement, and ask specifically how the traction battery is treated.
Where Drivers Actually Save
Discounts are not where the real money is — limits, deductibles and the right insurer matter more — but these are the levers worth pulling, and several of them are province-specific.
Telematics and usage-based programs
A phone app or plug-in device scores braking, acceleration, speed and distraction. In Newfoundland and Labrador the regulations permit that data to be used only to reduce your rate, and New Brunswick’s regulator takes the same position. Ontario permits surcharges as well as discounts, so ask what a program can do before you enrol in it.
Winter tires
Ontario and Newfoundland and Labrador require insurers to offer a winter tire discount. You need a full set of four carrying the three-peak mountain snowflake symbol — all-seasons do not qualify — and you have to tell your insurer they are on.
Approved anti-theft devices
Recovery systems and aftermarket immobilisers attract discounts on comprehensive premiums with several carriers, and can remove a high-theft surcharge outright. Confirm the device is on your insurer’s approved list before you install it, not after.
Deductibles
Raising a collision deductible is usually better value than hunting for a discount. Set it at a number you could write a cheque for tomorrow without rearranging anything.
Bundling home and auto
The largest single discount most households qualify for, and it applies whether you own, rent or own a condo unit.
Group programs
Association and employer programs frequently beat retail pricing outright. If you belong to one, it is worth checking before you shop anything else.
Auto Theft and What Insurers Now Expect
Theft is falling nationally, but Atlantic Canada is improving far more slowly than the rest of the country and the method of attack has changed completely. Comprehensive coverage is where a good part of current claims inflation is sitting.
The national trend
Thefts across Canada fell about ten per cent in the first half of 2026 against the same period a year earlier. Atlantic Canada fell about four per cent — the slowest improvement in the country.
Recovery is getting worse
Just over half of stolen vehicles were recovered nationally in the first half of 2026, down from the year before. Atlantic recovery ran a little above the national figure, but the direction is the same.
The attack moved to electronics
Relay attacks on key fobs and reprogramming through the diagnostic port have displaced the smashed window. Locking the doors is no longer the control it used to be.
Layer the deterrents
Industry guidance is to combine the basics with a visible deterrent, an aftermarket immobiliser that resists relay and reprogramming attacks, and a tracking device — rather than relying on any one of them.
Talk to us before you install
Discounts and surcharge relief apply to approved devices only. A tracker your insurer has not approved earns nothing, and a high-theft surcharge can be several hundred dollars a year.
Keep the fob away from the door
A key fob left near the front door is readable from the driveway. A signal-blocking pouch, or simply storing keys well inside the house, removes the easiest version of the attack.
The Gaps We See Most Often
These are the exposures that turn up on files that looked complete. None of them is exotic, and all of them are fixable before a claim rather than after one.
- Rental cars. Without the non-owned automobile endorsement you are exposed to the rental company’s damage claim, its loss of use and its administrative charges. Confirm the territory before you travel, because coverage is generally North American.
- Borrowed vehicles. Liability follows the car, but physical damage does not follow the driver. The endorsement that fixes that will not respond for a vehicle owned by someone in your household or by your employer.
- Occasional business use. Carrying tools or samples, or making client calls, changes the rating class. It is a disclosure issue rather than an endorsement issue, and it is easily handled if we know.
- Ride-share driving. Atlantic Canada handles it with a transportation network policy held by the platform plus a restricted-permission endorsement on your own policy. Ontario uses insurer-specific approved products. Either way, the broker has to be told.
- Food and goods delivery. There is no standard endorsement for it in any of these provinces, and it is expressly excluded from the non-owned automobile endorsement. Delivery work belongs on a commercial policy or an approved platform product.
- Lending your car. Insurance follows the vehicle, so your policy takes the claim, the deductible and the rating consequence — not the borrower’s.
If any of these describes your household, tell us before renewal rather than after a loss. Almost every one of them is a five-minute fix in advance and an expensive argument afterwards.

After a Collision
What you do in the first hour shapes the claim that follows. None of it is complicated, but very little of it is obvious while you are standing at the roadside.
Make the scene safe first
Check for injuries, call emergency services if anyone is hurt, and move the vehicles clear of traffic if they are drivable and it is safe to do so.
Know the police threshold
Ontario raised its reporting threshold to damage over $5,000 on 1 January 2025. Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island sit at $2,000. Any injury or fatality requires police involvement regardless of the damage figure.
Record more than you think you need
Names, addresses, licence and registration details for every driver; the insurer and policy number for every vehicle; contact details for witnesses; the attending officer’s name and badge number; and photographs of everything, including the position of the vehicles.
Report quickly, even if you are unsure
Tell your broker within 48 to 72 hours whether or not you intend to claim. Reporting an incident is not the same as making a claim, and late notice creates problems that early notice does not.
Do not authorise repairs yet
Beyond what is strictly necessary to prevent further damage, wait for the insurer’s appraisal. Repairs authorised ahead of it can be disputed afterwards.
Collision reporting centres
Ontario routes most reportable collisions to a collision reporting centre rather than an attending officer, generally within 48 hours if the vehicle is drivable. Charlottetown operates a centre as well. Bring your licence, registration and insurance slip.
Group Home & Auto Programs
We are an independent brokerage, so we are not tied to one insurer’s appetite for personal auto. Where a group program applies to you, we will find it — several Atlantic associations and employers give their members preferred pricing on home and car insurance together.
For everything else the household carries, and how the pieces are reviewed together, see personal insurance.
CANS Home & Auto Program
Preferred group pricing on car, home, condo and tenant insurance for members of the Construction Association of Nova Scotia.
CAPEI Home & Auto Program
The same group-rated approach for members of the Construction Association of Prince Edward Island.
Municipal Home & Auto Program
Group car, home and property pricing for municipal employees and members.
Frequently Asked Questions About Car Insurance
How much car insurance do I actually need?
The legal minimum is $500,000 of third-party liability in Nova Scotia and $200,000 in New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Labrador and Ontario. Those numbers are licensing requirements rather than recommendations. We write $2,000,000 as our default, because a collision with several injured claimants can exhaust a minimum limit before the first year of treatment is finished, and because your family protection coverage is capped at whatever your liability limit is.
What is direct compensation property damage?
It is the coverage that pays for damage to your own vehicle when someone else caused the collision. Rather than claiming against the other driver’s insurer, you claim against your own, and your insurer pays the portion of the damage that was not your fault. It applies in all four Atlantic provinces and in Ontario, although Ontario drivers have been able to opt out of it since 1 January 2024.
Do I have to carry collision coverage?
No. Collision and comprehensive are optional in all five provinces. If your vehicle is older and you could absorb replacing it, dropping them can be a reasonable decision. If the vehicle is financed or leased, your loan agreement almost certainly requires them, and dropping them puts you in breach of it.
What happens if the driver who hits me has no insurance?
Uninsured automobile coverage is mandatory in all five provinces and responds when the at-fault driver is uninsured or is never identified. Its limits are modest, which is why we pair it with the family protection endorsement — that endorsement tops up the shortfall when the other driver carries a lower limit than you do.
Will my rates go up if the accident was not my fault?
A collision recorded as not at fault should not carry a rating consequence with your current insurer. Fault is assigned under provincial fault determination rules in fixed increments, and a claim generally becomes chargeable once you are assigned twenty-five per cent or more. If you disagree with the percentage, tell us early — that conversation is far easier before the file closes.
Does my policy cover me in a rental car?
Only if you have the non-owned automobile endorsement. Without it, your own policy will not pay for damage to the rental, and the rental company will pursue you for repairs, loss of use and administrative fees. The endorsement is usually cheaper than the counter waiver and, unlike most credit card benefits, it is primary rather than excess.
Can I drive for Uber or a delivery platform on my personal policy?
Not without telling us. Ride-share driving in Atlantic Canada is handled through a transportation network policy held by the platform combined with a restricted-permission endorsement on your own policy, and Ontario uses insurer-approved platform products. Food and goods delivery is different again — there is no standard endorsement for it, and it belongs on a commercial auto policy or an approved platform product.
What changed for Ontario drivers in 2026?
On 1 July 2026 only medical, rehabilitation and attendant care benefits remained mandatory in an Ontario policy. Income replacement, caregiver, housekeeping, death and funeral benefits and several others became optional, elected on the OPCF 47R endorsement. Existing policies keep their current coverage at renewal until you agree in writing to change it, and the optional benefits now reach only the named insured, spouse, dependants and listed drivers.
Are electric vehicles more expensive to insure?
Generally yes, and by a wider margin than most buyers expect. Repair costs run materially higher, certified repair facilities are scarce outside the larger centres, and battery replacement economics push moderate damage into total-loss territory more often. The gap varies a great deal by model, so the sensible order is to get the insurance quote before you sign the purchase agreement.
Why use a broker instead of buying direct?
Because the policy wording is standard and the pricing is not. We place personal car insurance with more than fifty insurer markets, we set the endorsement schedule rather than leaving it at the default, and when a claim goes sideways there is someone whose job is to argue your side of it.

Schedule a Consultation Today
Personalized insurance and surety solutions backed by decades of industry expertise.
Reach out to us today and experience the Stanhope difference!